Effect of Spatholobus littoralis hassk extract on matrix metalloproteinase-1 and elastin fiber morphology in d-galactose-ınduced aging model rats

Abstract

This study was investigates the effects of ethanol extract of bajakah wood (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) on skin aging with D-galactose-induced Sprague-Dawley rats, focusing on Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) concentration and elastin fiber morphology. A total of 36 male rats were divided into six groups; I (Blank), II, III, IV, V and VI, receiving varying doses of the extract. MMP-1 levels were measured using an ELISA kit, while elastin fibers were assessed through Verhoeff Van Gieson staining. The results show that the extract indicated that the extract significantly inhibit MMP-1 activity, with group 2 exhibiting the highest concentration (35.78 ng/ml) compared to other groups (p = 0.039). Furthermore, the extract notably increased elastin fiber content, particularly in group 6 (100 mg/kgBB), which showed a mean percentage of 7.10% compared to 2.22% in the control group (p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis revealed a more intense and evenly distributed brown coloration in higher-dose treatment groups, indicating enhanced elastin density. These findings suggest that bajakah wood extract possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions aimed at improving skin quality and combating age-related changes. By modulating MMP-1 activity and promoting elastin synthesis, the extract could serve as a valuable addition to skincare formulations. Future research should explore the specific mechanisms through which bajakah wood extract exerts its effects, as well as its long-term efficacy and safety in human applications, to fully realize its therapeutic potential.