Berkala Penelitian Hayati

An efficacy investigation of combining Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) with Filters as a Bioremediation for Leachate Contaminated Water

2024-03-27T14:40:52+00:00

Pollution occurs everywhere and threatens rice field that require good quality water. Leachate is a pollutant from the Final Disposal Site (TPA) and flows into irrigation in the surrounding area. This study aims to experimentally analyse using a combination of Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes and filter media (zeolite, charcoal, and gravel) to improve irrigation water quality and performance in a limited time. Samples were obtained from TPA Pakusari, Jember, East Java, Indonesia (-8,16956, 113.76129). There were three treatments: control, Water Hyacinth (WH), and Water Hyacinth + Filter (WHF). Multiparameter Aquacombo HM 3070 was used to test the parameters of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Conductivity, and pH. Determination of DO levels was done by the Winkler Method. Sample tests were performed every day (0-14 days). TDS and pH measurements showed that WH was a treatment that significantly reduced the effect. OD measurements showed significant increases in WH and WHF on the 7^th day but not significant again on the 14^th day. BOD measurements showed that control and WH decreased significantly starting the seventh day. Only the control treatment differed significantly on day 14 for conductivity measurements. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the WH and WHF treatments differed significantly, as a set of measured parameters between treatments formed different clusters on days 7 and 14. The significance of this study lies in its potential contribution to developing effective and sustainable methods to mitigate water pollution in agricultural settings, particularly in regions affected by leachate from disposal sites. The findings could be pivotal in improving irrigation water quality, thereby supporting healthier crop growth and sustainable agricultural practices.

Analysis of antibiofilm activity gold and silver nanoparticles against uropathogenic Escherichia coli using confocal laser scanning microscopy

2024-03-27T14:40:18+00:00

Infectious diseases, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), significantly impact global health, diminishing the quality of life and increasing clinical and economic burdens. Concerns arise due to the potential development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) facilitated by biofilm formation. Nanotechnology, specifically silver and silver nanoparticles (1–100 nm), proves effective against bacterial strains, making them valuable in the biomedical field. Advances in microscopic imaging techniques, such as Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), enhance our understanding of biofilms. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and optimal concentration of gold and silver nanoparticles in combating biofilms formed by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) through CLSM analysis. The research comprises the following stages: rejuvenation of bacterial isolates and inoculum preparation, testing the anti-biofilm activity of gold and silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm against UPEC using CLSM analysis. The findings reveal that both gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit anti-biofilm activity against UPEC at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm, as confirmed by CLSM analysis. The optimal concentration for anti-biofilm activity of gold and silver nanoparticles against UPEC is identified as 100 ppm.

Nutritional profiling of Indonesian superior hybrid and biofortification rice varieties: Macronutrient and micronutrient changes under different heat temperatures

2024-05-21T12:55:21+00:00

Indonesia has developed rice varieties which are superior in cultivation yield. However, lack of information about the nutritional value and optimal temperature to preserve the nutrient content. This study was purposed to determine the nutritional values and micronutrient changes in different heat temperatures. Three varieties of rice namely Jeliteng black rice (JT), Inpari Arumba red rice (AR), and Inpari IR Nutri Zinc white rice (NZ) were analysed during September-October of 2021. Rice was provided from Indonesian Rice Research Centre, East Java, Indonesia. Macronutrient, lipid analysis, dietary fibre, sugar, salt, and micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) were analysed by proximate analysis, gas chromatography, enzymatic-gravimetry, luff-schoorl method, titrimetric, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. All analyses were performed in duplicate. Rice of NZ had the highest protein and dietary fibre content with lowest moisture level. Kalium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc were mainly found in AR rice. However, vitamins were generally found in JT rice. Heating mostly diminished the vitamin B3, B7 and E in all rice, vitamin C in NZ rice as well as iron in colored rice. This study provided fundamental nutritional data for Indonesian rice superior variety. Future explorations are necessary for optimizing the process of milling, cooking, and fortification to maintain micronutrient values in these potential varieties.

The Virtual antivenom prediction of tamarind compounds as inhibitor against Ophiophagus hannah phospholipase A2

2024-05-21T13:01:54+00:00

Ophiophagus hannah has significant medical important among snakebite cases. The enzyme Phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) is crucial for venom impacts in life-threatening symptoms. However, specific antivenom against this species remains underexplored. This study aimed to analyze the potential of secondary metabolites from tamarind as PLA₂ protein inhibitor specifically from Ophiophagus hannah venom using in-silico approaches. The sequences and three-dimensional structure of the PLA₂ protein from O. hannah were physicochemicaly predicted using ProtParam. Virtual screening, drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity profiles of metabolite compound from Tamarind was performed using SwissADME. All ligands were downloaded from PubChem database. Molecular docking was carried out using PyRx and visualized using Discovery Studio 2016 software. All tamarind’s compounds are safe for long term administration because they displayed minimum risk for hepatotoxicity and AMES. The best interaction of secondary metabolites with PLA₂ is owned by quercetin. Future in-vitro and in-vivo studies are needed to evaluate the use of secondary metabolite compounds as specific alternatives of antivenoms.